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More about Maryland
By value of sales, the principal crops are greenhouse and nursery products, corn, and soybeans. Corn is grown throughout the state, although most of it is produced in the Piedmont region. Most of the corn is sold for cash, but some is used for livestock feed and for seed on the farms where it was grown. Soybeans occupy much cropland, especially on the Eastern Shore. Tobacco is grown in Calvert, Anne Arundel, Prince Georges, Charles, and Saint Marys counties, in southern Maryland, and is one of Maryland’s most valuable cash crops. Its importance to the farm economy, however, is declining. Vegetables are grown on the Eastern Shore, especially in the three southern counties of the area, and to a lesser extent in the Piedmont region. Much of the vegetable harvest is processed in local food-processing plants. The rest is shipped fresh to urban centers.
Other field crops include wheat, barley, oats, and hay. Wheat is grown in the Piedmont region and on the Eastern Shore. Hay, including clover and timothy grass, is grown mainly in the Piedmont region and used primarily as livestock feed. Barley and oats are grown in the Piedmont region and in the valleys farther west. A variety of fruits are grown. Apples, peaches, pears, plums, and cherries are grown in western Maryland. Peaches are also raised on the Eastern Shore, as are strawberries, watermelons and cantaloupes.
Poultry farming is a specialized agricultural activity concentrated in the Piedmont counties near Baltimore, but especially on the Eastern Shore. Broilers account for most of the farm income from poultry farming. Eggs are produced for the large, urban markets close by. In addition, some turkeys and full-grown chickens are raised and sold for meat. Dairy farming is concentrated in the Piedmont counties but is also carried on in the western valleys and on the Eastern Shore. Most of the milk is sent to large urban centers. In addition, some beef cattle and hogs are raised in Maryland.
The harvesting of shellfish in Chesapeake Bay dominates commercial fishing activities in Maryland. Blue crabs, clams, oysters, and horseshoe crabs are the most valuable shellfish caught in Maryland waters. Since the mid-1960s Maryland has been one of the top-ranking states in the quantity of oysters harvested annually. Large shipments of clams are regularly sent to New England restaurants to be served fried or steamed. The remainder of the commercial fishing catch includes white perch, spiny dogfish, black sea bass, goosefish, croaker, and menhaden, which are taken mainly in the bay, and flounder, which are caught in offshore waters. Catfish and bullheads also contribute significantly to the state’s income.
Forests cover 43 percent of the state’s land area, but large-scale forestry and lumbering operations typical of some parts of the South have not developed in Maryland. Nearly all of the state’s commercial forest lands are in small privately owned farm woodlots.
The most valuable minerals produced in Maryland are crushed stone, portland cement, and sand and gravel. Stone production includes the output of limestone, sandstone, marble, granite, and oystershell. It is used primarily for building construction, highway construction, and the manufacture of cement and concrete. Stone is produced in northern and western Maryland. Sand and gravel, which are also used primarily in construction activities, are produced mainly on the Western Shore. Some peat is still harvested from bogs in Garrett County in far Western Maryland, primarily for sale to home gardeners and farmers. Bituminous coal is mined in Garrett and Allegany counties in western Maryland. Although coal production declined after 1945, it rose sharply in the late 1970s and early 1980s due to increases in demand. In 2000 Maryland produced 3.4 million metric tons of coal.
Manufacturing activities are concentrated in and around Baltimore. Other industrial centers include Cumberland, Hagerstown, Frederick, Salisbury, and Cambridge. Established types of manufacturing in Maryland includethose for food products, chemicals, printing and publishing, primary metals, industrial machinery, and navigation equipment.
The primary metals industry is concentrated almost entirely in the Baltimore metropolitan area, where steel, tinplate, aluminum, and other metals are produced. In addition, some steel is made in Cumberland, in western Maryland. Metal-processing plants along the shores of Chesapeake Bay and the lower Patapsco River utilize raw materials from distant sources rather than from Maryland mines. Iron ore for the huge steel plant at Sparrows Point, near Baltimore, is imported primarily from Venezuela and Canada. Scrap iron and steel are also used. Tin is imported mainly from Bolivia and Malaysia.
The manufacture of transportation equipment is also carried on mainly in the Baltimore metropolitan area. The shipyards at Sparrows Point and elsewhere in the area constitute one of the principal shipbuilding and ship-repairing centers in the United States. Fishing vessels and other small craft are built and repaired at numerous boatyards in the Chesapeake Bay area. Motor vehicles are assembled in Baltimore and nearby suburbs. Motor vehicle parts and railroad equipment are manufactured in the Baltimore area and in Cumberland. Aircraft are made in Hagerstown, as are heavy-duty trucks.
The production of foodstuffs is the most widely distributed manufacturing activity in Maryland, although much of such activity in the state is accounted for by the Baltimore metropolitan area. There are many small food-processing plants throughout the Atlantic Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of the state. Food-processing activities include the production of beverages, bakery goods, confections, dairy products, meat products, fruit and vegetable products, and seafood.
The output of chemicals and chemical products, electrical and nonelectrical machinery, search and navigation equipment, tin cans, steel tubing, and numerous other metal products is part of the heavy-industry complex centered on Baltimore. Electrical products manufacturing is represented by firms such as Black and Decker, headquartered in Towson, north of Baltimore.
In 1999 Maryland generated 70 percent of its electricity in thermal plants, primarily fueled by coal or oil. Most of the electric power generated in the hydroelectric station at Conowingo Dam, on the lower Susquehanna River, is used in Pennsylvania. Maryland’s 2 nuclear power plants provide 26 percent of the total electricity output. Most of the power plants are privately owned.
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