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The city is a major tourist center and a gateway to Padre Island, much of which is a national seashore. Other attractions include a museum of science and history, part of the Bayfront Arts and Science Park; the Texas State Aquarium; the USS Lexington, an aircraft carrier famed for its participation in World War II (1939-1945) and now a naval museum; and the Corpus Christi Seawall, designed by Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum, the sculptor of Mount Rushmore.

The area was originally inhabited by the Karankawa peoples and other Native Americans. Colonel Henry L. Kinney founded a trading post at the site in 1839. During 1845 and 1846 it was used as a military base by General Zachary Taylor, who later became the 12th U.S. president, and it became a transportation center during the Mexican War (1846-1848). Corpus Christi was incorporated as a city in 1852, and grew as a farming and ranching center. Beginning in 1862, during the American Civil War, the port was blockaded by Union gunboats, and it fell to Union troops in November 1863. The construction of a deepwater channel to the Gulf of Mexico in 1926 opened the port to oceangoing vessels and spurred the growth of industry. The city is named for Corpus Christi Bay, which, tradition holds, was sighted and named by Spanish explorer Alonso Alvarez de Piñeda on the feast day of Corpus Christi in 1519.

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